against这个介词在英语中看似简单,但用法却非常灵活。无论是表达对立、接触还是预防,它都能派上用场。今天我们就来体系梳理against的常见用法,帮你彻底掌握这个高频词!
一、against的核心含义是什么?
against最基本的含义是“反对”或“对抗”,比如fight against(对抗)、protest against(抗议)。但它还能表示“紧靠”或“预防”,比如lean against(倚靠)、vaccine against(预防疫苗)。
为什么against这么多功能? 其实它的核心逻辑是“A与B形成对立或接触关系”。领会这一点后,各种用法就迎刃而解了。来看多少典型例子:
– The cat rubbed against my leg.(猫蹭我的腿→接触)
– We insured the house against fire.(我们给房子投保防火→预防)
二、against的三大高频用法详解
1. 表示“反对/对抗”的经典组合
这是against最广为人知的用法,常与动词搭配:
– fight against(与…斗争):
Doctors fight against diseases every day.
– turn against(转而反对):
Her best friend suddenly turned against her.
小技巧:turn against强调态度转变(从好到坏),fight against强调持续对抗动作。
2. 表示“接触/依靠”的物理关系
这时against相当于“贴着”或“靠着”:
– He placed the ladder against the wall.(梯子靠墙)
– The rain beat against the windows.(雨打在窗户上)
注意:这种用法常见于描述物体位置或天然现象。
3. 表示“预防/防备”的独特场景
主要用于保险、防护等语境:
– Get vaccinated against flu.(接种流感疫苗)
– This policy protects against financial risks.(该政策防范金融风险)
易混淆点:这里的against相当于“针对…的防护措施”,不要误用for。
三、实战应用:怎样避免常见错误?
很多进修者会犯这些典型错误:
? We are fighting for pollution.(错误,应为against)
? We are fighting against pollution.
? She leaned for the tree.(错误,应为against)
? She leaned against the tree.
记忆口诀:
“反对对抗用against,靠着贴着也用它,预防防备别忘记,见到for要警惕。”
四、课后练习巩固
试试完成下面内容填空(答案见文末):
1. Protesters demonstrated ______ the new law.
2. The baby’s crib was placed ______ the wall.
3. This cream is effective ______ mosquito bites.
拓展资料:against就像英语中的“瑞士军刀”,一个词能应对多种场景。掌握它的核心逻辑后,你会发现阅读和写作都变得更流畅!
(练习答案:1. against 2. against 3. against)